Hydrogel Regulation of Xylem Water Flow: An Alternative Hypothesis: Figure 1.

Evolution of xylem lignification and hydrogel transport regulation.

In vascular plants, the polysaccharide-based walls of water-conducting cells are strengthened by impregnation with the polyphenolic polymer lignin. The fine-scale patterning of lignin deposition in water-conducting cells is shown here to vary phylogenetically across vascular plants. The extent to which water transport in xylem cells can be modified in response to changes in the ionic content of...

Figure Captions. Figure 1. an Example of a Domain

An e cient multigrid approach for solving a discretized elliptic equation whose boundary values are determined in part by integral relations is developed, analyzed and tested. The algorithm is implemented on a problem that is solved during integration of the three-dimensional Quasigeostrophic equations, which model large-scale rotating strati ed ows, where the integral constraints represent mas...

Regulation of xylem cell fate

The vascular system is organized throughout the plant body for transporting water, nutrients, and signaling molecules. During vascular development, xylem, phloem, and procambial/cambial cells are produced in a spatiotemporally organized manner. Several key regulators for xylem cell patterning and differentiation have been discovered, including auxin, cytokinin, CLE peptides, microRNAs, HD-ZIPII...

Hydrogel control of xylem hydraulic resistance in plants.

Increasing concentrations of ions flowing through the xylem of plants produce rapid, substantial, and reversible decreases in hydraulic resistance. Changes in hydraulic resistance in response to solution ion concentration, pH, and nonpolar solvents are consistent with this process being mediated by hydrogels. The effect is localized to intervessel bordered pits, suggesting that microchannels in...

From falsification to generating an alternative hypothesis